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In this research and development, we have developed a comprehensive, model-based mathematical analysis method for reliable estimation of the number of passengers travelling in buses and coaches. The data flow required to estimate the number of passengers is provided by a Black Box safety data acquisition device mounted on the vehicle, using acceleration and angular velocity sensors.

The basis for the continuous estimation of bus mass and passenger number is the change of the dynamic properties of the empty vehicle as the number of passengers changes. The estimation, in the event of a crash accident, provides an effective aid to the rescue organisation to increase passenger safety.